Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract This study tries to define the consept of point of view and show its effect  on the production of  short stories. It, then, investigates point of view in the stories written by  Etedal Rafeih.This female author has been trying for 30years to present her characteristic point of view in her short stories. This study depicts different kinds of point of view in her stories and explores the more salient ones. Moreover, it describes the characteristics of the point of view used by her and their status in the make up of the stories. In fact, this study intends to present the unique characteristics of the point of view in the stories written by Etedal Rafeih and clarify its role in those stories.

Abstract This research discusses the moral value aspect in the poetry of Abu Firas Alhamdani bringing to light his moral and humanitarian values through his behaviour explaining it revealing its  causes aiming  to ascertain the role of high moral values in the building of a civilized society fit to the humanity of the mankind.

Abstract Humor plays an important role in bringing smiles to the lips of the depressed and making them feel happy.Humor goes a long way in creating literary and permanent tension between society and the rulers, through exposing the many causes of poverty, deprivation, cruelty and tyrany. This importan goal is achieved in a humorous and at the same time bitter way its aim is primarily to make people smile and secondarily to draw peoples attention to the above-mentioned conditions and problems or to criticize them. This role is at the root of the appearance of many poets, among whom there is a poet whose literary creations are colored with satire and humor. He is Mohammad al- Maghout.

Abstract  Questions are real if they are about what we do not know. But, sometimes they are used for purposes other than this primary purpose. In such cases, they are refered to as rhetorical questions. Rhetorical questions are one of the controversial issues in rhetoric. Some scholars think that this area belongs to semantics some think it falls in the same area as figures of speech. This article intends to explores different purposes of rhetorical Questions in the Holy Quran and provide Quranic examples to support the claims. There are two kinds of questions in the Quran: questions posed by God and Questions narrated from others. As God is omniscient and never seeks information, all these questions must be considered rhetorical questions.Therefore, to better understand the secondary purposes of these questions, we have examined only questions which are posed by God to help the audience follow the right path.

Abstract This study investigates the use of dress words in the 4th Century (AH), particulary in two books by Ghazi Tanoukhi. The article attempts to reveal the phonological and lexical changes and developments related to clothing. It also examines the manner of articulation such sounds and compare them with the manner of articulation of Arabic sounds, so that the differences and commonalities are shown. The article also discusses changes which occurred to Arabized words. In relation to the meanings of such words, this study examines them according to their etimology in Arabic dictionaries and dictionaries of Arabized words, so that it is revealed whether the meanings of these words match with their meanings as used by the people of that period. The article then describes the semantic changes which occurred in the language of people in the 4th century. Ø´

Abstract Abul Ala Al-Maarri has left a remarkable inheritance of his writings and compositions. Al-Fusul wa al-ghayat is one of his most important prose works that is viewed as a worthy source in the history of Arabic literature. The present article aims to investigate this book regarding its form and content. Rhythm, harmony, imagination, terms, sentences, rhetorical style, design and structure are the subjects which are going to be examined with respect to their formal usage. Moreover, admiration and compliment of the wise and admiration of the unwise are the issue which will be examined with regard to the content. Considering some of the critics who believe that Abul Ala authored this book in disapproval and opposition of the Quran, this study attempts to cleanse the dust of accusation from the face of this book by providing some reasons and proofs.

Abstract The task of Quran translation established with the rise of Islam and the eagerness of non-Arab muslims to access the Quranic teaching. Iranians were the first to translate the revealed words. The first translation of the Quran into Persian was done in the 4th /10th century. These translators translated the Quran with reflection and precision. Quran translation into Persian has been flourishing in recent decates, too. However, what challenges this great task is a neglect of the methodology of translation and the unidimensionality of the critical review of translation. The first step to redress this lack is shedding some light on the methods which contemporary translators have used. This article classifies Quranic translations methods into three categories: text-oriented, translator- oriented, and audience -oriented translations. Next, the article clarifies the principles and distinctive features of each type.