Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract The study briefly investigates one of the basic concepts that is the duality in intention, which is frequently addressed in the research don by Arab and Western scholars. Ambiguity of intention is a mark of the creativity of the work and if food for mind for the reader to follow immediate and far-fetched, hidden intentions. Understanding this duality or double intention is a challenge, no doubt because the immediate intention is obvious and, hence constant, and all audience can get it but the far-fetched intention is variable because it is implied and only the intelligent, well-versed and attentive readers can discover it. This study aims at the following: defining intention and double intention; double intention in old Arab research; double intention in Western research; a comparative study of Arab and Western research on duality of intention, pinpointing the similarities and differences. The conclusion is that the idea of dual intention exited in the thinking of early Arab scholars without this label. They, too, divide meaning into two types. Comparing the two traditions clarifies more commonalities than differences. This point to strong, explicit or implicit, intellectual connections between them, as there is one goal and that is interpretation and analysis of intentions.

Abstract Mohammed Maghout expresses his feelings through colors and uses colors to communicate his ideas. He also uses colors to define and characterize his poetry and render it different from what is conventional so that it provokes more, appeals to the eye as well, and seems more poetic. Little doubt colors and light play creative and artistic roles in literature as they illuminate meanings, make them more lively and dynamic, and easier to understand and receive by the audience. On the other hand, literary and poetic expression renders light and colors more beautiful and charming. The interaction of colors and words can create a welcome mystery.
Colors are one of the concerns of Mohammed Maghout, who uses them in his poems and employs their symbolic, and aesthetic potentials. Colors, in addition to being a manifestation of realism in poetic images, convey cultural messages because colors are part and parcel of the mythology and cultural heritage of nations and serve as a medium of beauty.

Abstract The literary semiology of personality is a type of semiotic study which provides a deep and accurate knowledge and insight into personality and can be undertaken from various dimensions and angles. The Holy Quran, as a most significant literary text, is full of linguistic signs on set of which being the various personalities that are directly referred to in the Quran. Saint Joseph (Yusuf) (AS) is one of the most important figures in the Quran. Therefore, his semiotic study can lead to understandings about his character and the motivations and reasons for his personality traits. The present article is based on the personality semiology of the French semiologist Philip Hamon. This article studies Joseph’s personality in Quran from the perspective of the signifier (names, syntactic features, pronouns and rhetorical dimensions) and the signified (descriptive adjectives, speech, and actions). This article show that names, honorifics, and the descriptions for Joseph are in compliance with the function of his story. Through semiology and interpretation, the article gives a deeper insight about Joesph’s personality can help understand the nuances of the related Quranic meanings.

Abstract This paper deals with the question of defining roots in the light of comparisons which show the importance of such comparative studies, taking into consideration phonetic rules.  These rules were used in modern research to establish the originality of a word or lack of it from the etymological point of view. Analysis, linguistic explanation, and comparisons contribute to tracing the morphological syntax of words by tracking changes and transformations that language has witnessed through time. This study is a foundational study of Arabic roots of the five nominals in comparison with Semitic languages. It concludes with the interpretations of a linguistic phenomenon ancient Arab linguists frequently addressed in their works. In composing their lexicons, these linguists used morphological measures and included derivations and diacritics. This research adopts a comparative- analytical approach and focuses on bilingual lexicon making. The research is interested in the description of phonetic, morphological and syntactical relations in the five nominal and in the structures and forms which open Arabic lexicons as well as Acadian, Ugaritian, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hebrew ones.

Abstract Fantasy is a new terminology in literary criticism characterized by escape from the world and its familiar frameworks, which means flouting logic and natural laws. Fantasy sometimes features in Arabic novels go beyond the standard limits and criteria. The novel Imrat Al-Gharoorah by Salim Matar (1956), the prominent Iraqi novelist, falls in the realm of fantasy literature as its narrative elements such as plot, characterization, time and setting have imaginary nature. This study is a descriptive-analytic effort to investigate the levels of imagination in this novel and discover the role of fantasy in the structure of the novel. The results of the investigation indicate that Salim Matar employs narrative elements to offer a colorful fantasy atmosphere. To achieve this goal, the novelist has bestowed the title, characters, time and events in the novel the elements of change and metamorphosis and has used journey as a narrative technique. Thus, all these elements have contributed to an extraordinary atmosphere in which usual rules are violated and an imaginary world is portrayed

Abstract In fiction, the writer or narrator utilizes various formats to tell about fictional events and adventures and the fictional characters. Usinng  a stream of associations is one such technique. The psychological mecanism   is that a series of concepts enters the mind because of the proximity or similarity or contras. In this style of story writing, the author provides a flow of words and creates new situations, one leading to another, as it is the case in the short story " Cuckoo Clock " from the book "Kan Ma kan" by Mikhail Naimeh, the great Lebanese modernist literary figure. In “cuckoo Clock”, an image or event is used in the story in a way that any component associates with and evokes other components or events. In this great work, in which the author either consciously or otherwise employs various narrative techniques, the entanglement of the story’s actions and the narrator’s feelings , emotions and experiences has caused  the writer’s mind to receive a series of associations and start a stream of consciousness. In this article, the author focuses on the role of associations in recalling events and forming  a narrative by the analytical - description method, and shows the context and background for the associations in the story after stating the basic principles governing associations. The article conclude that Mikhaeel Naimeh, instaed of repetition and wordiness, uses conceptual associations to restate the memories of the story’s character. He uses the principle of similarity, which plays the most significant role in the story, along with principles of adjacency and contrast in an  attempt to deal with the details in the life of the story’s main character and resolve the problems which arises.
 

Abstract Stylistic study is one of the most important methods in contemporary literary research that began with translation movement and awakened activities and thoughts close to the western culture. This approach is an attempt to unveil the hidden beauties of different styles by analyzing linguistic elements and their relation to real situations and/or  the literary work. Using an analytic-descriptive method, this research is an attempt in the stylistic study of the poem "Sarhan la yatasalam mafatih al-Qods" by the Egyptian poet, Amal Donqol. This poet was chosen because he is among the most important cotemporary Arab poets who raised the flag for human causes and remains true to his causes. He writes about humanitarian, pro-social and political issues as well as the pains of the Egyptians who suffer oppression and exploitation. His concerns include human rights and the problems of the Arab world. For this reason, his works convey revolutionary thoughts that pivot around freedom of man through revolution and reform. One of the most remarkable results of this study is that Amal Donqol has profited from various stylistic features such as intertextuality, masque, dialogues, monologues, symbols, mythology, and special rhythms. By reading his poetry, you can see a character that takes you to a world where there exists no peace and tranquility, a place where there is only pain and sufferings. Also, you can recognize his beliefs and humanistic tendencies. Undoubtedly, his rebellion reflects his inner state which fuel him with special power as a result of which one can see the world from the perspective of a brave man who is alone in confronting the world. In this way, his life has turned into a poem and his poems into life; and rebellion, uprising, revolution and unrealized dreams have paved a path to his true self.