Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract This article discusses the stylistic criticism of the Adonis’s poetry, based on the book Modern poetic style by Salah Fadel. For this purpose, this article focuses on the critic himself and investigates the basic issues that he raised, specifies the concept and the expressions that he conceptualized, and the methodological techniques that he employed. This researcher believes that the critic has a liberal attitude toward criticism in poetry so that cognitive images of mind are reliably conveyed and the artistic value and beauty of the poems are not compromised.

Abstract Umayyad court poets were known for their subtle and excellent poetry, and their high technical capacity and musical skill.  They recognized patterns and the things in the world well, therefore, there were different meanings and structures in their literary texts. If the creative conflicted what there was actually in the world, the poets found the best aesthetic solution. They expressed deliberately and hid deliberately. They employed more than one technique in the structures they presented and the compositions they produced in order to cater for the state of the minds of the creative spirits. This research presents the role of semantics in Umayyad Court poetry, and the techniques that these poets used in their poetry including stating and deleting certain words and sounds, whether they were written or were just sounded. Some other techniques such as using absolute and particular terms, using connected and disjointed language, rearrangement, rising tempo, and surprising the audience are also discussed. For this purpose, examples from Jamil, Omar, Qaiss bin Al-Molawwah and Qaiss bin Thoraih are used. 

Abstract This paper carries out an illuminating reading of Mamdouh Adwan’s poetry and his main theoretical principles. Moreover, it uncovers the poet’s general characteristics through studying texts and examples from them, and points out his stylistic methods that establish his poetry between rhetoric and announcement. This leads us to speak about the political and literary qualities that underline his writing and swings between these two sides. In fact, the poet integrates these two elements in one framework. For this purpose, we selected suitable representative examples of such experience to reconstruct this poet’s discourse, find out hidden significant elements and strengthen and guide our reading. Accordingly, we show repeated symbols in Adwan’s poetry and how they are employed, which results in showing the cognitive consequences of such choices and pointing out the hidden insights of this poetic experience.

Abstract One of the most important reasons for the success of literary figure is his sufficient use of story elements such as characterization, plot, point of view, symbols. This study critically analyses the different literary elements in Naguib Mahfouz’s famous collection of short stories, “The Infamous House” consisting of 18 stories.  At first, we offer a definition of the short story as a genre and consider why Naguib Mahfouz worked on short stories; then, having introduced the short stories in the collection, we subject them to criticism. It is revealed that most of the stories begin with the introduction of the main character. In some of them before meeting the character, the readers encounter the main conflict of the story. Doing this prevents the story from boring the readers. One of the positive points of the early stories is that their length match their plots. Apart from “Ashes” which has the first person point of view, other stories are narrated through an omniscient point of view. In the later stories, which include psychological analyses of the characters, the description of their physical appearance is briefer and more technical; so it is not the narrator that tells the appearance of the people; most of the descriptions are done by other characters. Some features of his prose include using exclamatory sentences, beautiful metaphors, proverbs, and irony.

Abstract This study investigated the poem of Abda ibn al - tabib to show that it has some literary characteristics in common with the Qaṣīdat al - Burda (Poem of the Mantle), as a famous work in Arabic literature in the centuries. It was composed in a time close to Ka'b bin Zuhayr. Or this reason, it can be a guide to researchers to know the beginning of the Pastiche in Arabic literature. The present research, therefore, investigated these poems and their similarities and differences, thus revealing the efficacy these two works. The most important finding of this study is that the "Abda ibn al – tabib has been successful in imitating Ka'b bin Zuhayr external music, but has failed, to some extent, in imitating his internal music. He has not been able in innovating novel creative meanings and cannot be considered a distinguished poet.

Abstract There are various studies draw on the universality of literature and show its advantages and frameworks, including a book critical of the Arab and Comparative famous Dr. Hussam Al Khatib entitled to "comparative literature from the global to the globalization," which cited the writer in search of valuable for international literature and its components and its advantages. Theoretical Khatib in this area of paramount importance and such case that looks at this issue a comprehensive overview and divides these ingredients into three sections autobiography, and linguistic framework, it is as well as his care characteristics of self-text mean characteristics beyond the text Kalatarah context and some aspects of the rectifier language. This study aimed to examine the Board of «Songs Mahyar Damascene» Adonis by the views of Hussam al-Khatib and searched for the global ingredients in the light of the descriptive approach -althalla. The study found that BSA Amtl most global elements from the standpoint of Hussam al-Khatib and distinguish features make us that we consider universally chamber because currently deep insights rights paid to the depth and reflection and standing of social issues humane stance is clear and distinctiveness Basma uniqueness, creativity and the rectifier language but does not have three ingredients except in the very little Are: local flavor, and the rectifier Framework, to achieve the delicate balance between the meanings desired for private and public, the poet did not succeed to raise the attention of local readers for the specialists and style Almtogl in the icon and myth and mystical connotations caused difficulty for the general public to understand.

Abstract No doubt myths have played an essential role in contemporary Arabic poetry and Arab poets have frequently used different myths for the purpose of enriching and enhancing their poems, as well as preventing them from being purely lyrical. From among Greek myths, the myth of Prometheus has different significant implications and therefore has attracted the attention of Arab poets in such a way that they have used different aspects of this rich source to express their internal feelings, conflicts and crises in life. The purpose of this research is to study Prometheus myth in Arabic contemporary poetry and the way it has been applied in the poetry of five contemporary poets, namely Aboul-Qasem Echebbi, Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, Boland-al- Heidarai and Jabra Ibrahim Jabra. All these poets were attracted to this resource because they wanted to emphasize the instability of civilizations and show the political and social upheaval of different periods in spite of their differences. Their outlook vary from hope to hopelessness and from convergence to divergence.