Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract Abu Hayyan Al-Tawhidi documented the connections between different binaries in which the old Arabic criticism has dealt with as binaries with extremes far apart. Examples of these binaries include the binaries of thought and sense, science and literature, the ancient and the created and finally, the nature and workmanship with which this research deal. In their studies of nature and workmanship, critics are divided into two groups: those who say the two are separated and those who say they are united. Al-Tawhidi is one of the brightest critics who believe that the two sides of this binary are interacting and united in the field of literary creativity in which thoughts and meanings are correlative. First, people think then, they express their thoughts by in words and in the end, they embellish the linguistic product by workmanship. So, nature is an instinctive and divinely-given flood of thoughts and meanings which is given to the creator (man) to create his own divine artifact by the human gift of linguistic ability. The creative nature of man comes first and then follows his professional workmanship. So, workmanship – in the field of literary creativity- complements nature by the revisions and improvements that it provides.

Abstract Poet does not use prefabricated or preplanned words in his or her mid but he uses too much care in selecting and using his words or language. Afterwards, s/he reorders it in terms of his or her chosen symbolic indications and he might innovates new scheme for him or herself, after a long reflection and rethinking so that he achieves his or her reader’s hope and interest in reaching the unforeseen pleasure. Expression through imagery is one of the most important characteristic of poetry. Imagery is a technique used when a poet can express in words what he or she intends to convey his intentions, thoughts and ideas. In this study, we are interested in the newly emerged phenomenon of the artful imagery creation in contemporary ghaside (ode) which is regarded as poetry revitalized and innovative method. Then we examined the imagery use of imagery creation in the published collection of poems of an Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh’s ghasides (odes). Different images were created and used in his poems among which are the writing signs, punctuation, silence, white and black-made pages, curved, slanted lines in writing and shadow. All of these suggest that the poet’s internal uneasiness and worriedness due to his being far away from his native land.

Abstract Since the first studies in the field of the Quranic discourse, the artistic imagery has attracted the attention of the researchers. As more progress was made in research about the language and discourse of the Quran, the beauty and brilliance of the Quran increasingly fascinated the researchers. The audience were drowned in the intoxication of one source of beauty when another source of beauty was discovered to intoxicate the more. Synesthesia is an effective technique in imagery in which a desired effect is engendered with the involvement of more than one sense. This article uses descriptive-analytical method to explore synesthesia in 260 Quranic verses, which include action verbs, after defining them and reviewing their use in previous texts. This research elaborates on the role of the five senses on cognition and the creation of knowledge. It intends to shed light on the aesthetics of the Holy Qur'an. The Quran has use synesthesia to the full effect as there is complete coordination among the senses involved in the images produced. For example, it has mixed tactile sense and the sense of taste to show the extent of the sufferings. Synesthetic images enjoy positive sides which include novelty, wit, polysemy, and depth of impact.

Abstract His study intends to provide a landscape including women in stories and how it is related to the society. This study has used the stories of Mohsen Yusef to give this image along three axes: 1. showing the surroundings of the eastern woman who is kidnapped and suppressed to a catastrophic degree in a society which force her to strip herself of her humanity. 2. Dealing with the reinforced woman who rebel against the eastern realities, which are crystalized in backward traditions and norms and ideas, and fight against oppression and suppression on the side of the society. She stands up for great human values to achieve a life full of love and peace; 3. Looking at women as a symbol which represent understanding without much complexity and ambiguity. In fact, none  of the stories by this poet is without historical allusions and references encrypting a picture of the world as it is

Abstract This study attempts to emphasize the need for a new reading of the classical poetry, which is characterized by the multitude of interpretations and interpretations-- a new reading which presents the text as a linguistic system open to different levels of analysis and re-synthesis. Having a structural inclination toward poetic images and meanings, this study relies on numerous forms both visible and invisible within the body of the poetic text, that are infered from the differences between the form and the content, a fact which grants the text a controversial nature. In addition, this study sheds light on the cultural milieu of the pagan poet, al-Muthaqqab al-Abdi, as expressed in the deep recesses of his poems and underlies his whole work. This research aims at studying the forms of the existential conflicts in the poetry of al-Muthaqqab al-Abdi in the light of a textual study that depends basically on the visible and invisible forms that reflects the poet's existential internal conflicts. Following a scrutiny of some selected poems, this study reveals that researchers of traditional poetry cannot investigate any of its numerous artistic aspects unless they refer to the forms dealing with existence or non-existence.

Abstract The book Common Proverb in the Work of the Poets and Writers is considered one of the most important critical books in the Al Ayyubi Period, particularly because Ibn Al Ather was the most famous writers and critics in that period. He collected in this book rhetorical works in literature. That book was well received among critics from that time on. However, some other critics opposed the views presented in the book. This was a reaction against the style of Ibn Al Ather, who wanted to be more creative than repetitive. But, his critical activity generally revolves round the critical tradition. This is the reason his distinctive features and creativity, which only appeared through the  personal opinions which he expressed did  not generated modern  theoretical   concepts. Therefore, his attempts did not express a specific and systematic approach or way of thinking. Hence, we see a mixture of creativity and imitation, which leads to incomprehensive theoretical view, inconsistency, and incapability to build a complete perspective and well-defined approach.

Abstract Personification refers to a technique in which human traits are granted to non-humans, whether the traits are sensible, tangible or spiritual. Personification in poetry is the tendency to treat something as human while it is non-human. This study discusses the personification of night in the poetry of ZeAlremma, and attempts to clarify the reasons behind this tendency.

Night is one of the natural phenomena which is a symbol of worries and grief, and lasting departure in ZeAlremma poetry as he was distant from his beloved. Night was an outlet for the grief and yearning he felt.

This research discusses personification of night in ZeAlremma poetry who was one of the poets most connected to his environment; a fact that rendered him a distinct understanding of the components in the environment and a capability to humanize his surroundings through employing aesthetic for different purposes.

The research is a reading of the poetic forms of ZeAlremma and an analysis and interpretation which go deep into the textual structure of poems, and tries to understand the manner of artistic personification which ZeAlremma employed in his images and figures of speech. This research concludes that personification of night reflects deep meanings that resonate in the soul of ZeAlremma.