Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract Imagery has been an important subject among the men of literature and dealing with this issue is not considered an extraordinary matter. This literary device plays a prominent role in transmitting the poet's feelings and experiences to its addressees. Employing various styles of imagery by the poet provides the reader with rather a detailed and clearer literary work. This phenomenon is highlighted in the works of a great poet, Sharif Razi, of the Abbasid dynasty. With the help of imagery in drawing a canvas of concepts and themes, Razi aimed to emphasize his literary style on the reader. In relation to different poetic imageries, the present paper endeavors to investigate the metaphorical imagery in the elegies of this poet. In this regard, before analyzing the poems, a brief introduction on the practical aspects of this kind of imagery is provided. More than eighty odes and elegies of the aforementioned poet has been studied, its metaphorical imageries have been extracted, and thematically categorized. These themes mostly deal with the condition of the diseased person, the mourners, the mental state of the poet, death, time and tragedy. Moreover, the proportion of the images in relation to the represented themes is also taken into account. Onomotopia, colors along with their inspirational concepts are the result of this study. Furthermore, materialistic and concrete elements are the predominant features of the used imageries in which the poet has been inspired by nature and reality.

Abstract This paper researches the aesthetic poetic vision of war، being one of the most crucial constituents of the Arabic Cognizance in the al-Jahili Era، through al-Jahili poets' portrayal of their war apparatus. Since weapons appear in an extraordinarily poetic form، this study delineates its scope within the al-Jahili poet "Aws Bin Hujur". However، this paper aims to unleach the hidden arrays embedded in the descriptions of weapons in Aws Bin Hajar's poems، and also to disclose the al-Jahili aesthetic cognizance of war which can be held as one of the catastrophic sides of humanity at large.

Abstract Abdulkareem alyafi' s book, The Problem of sufi Expression, is a significant turning point in the process of academic studies that have tackled the sufi expression and its characteristics. The above – mentioned book was published in 1963 as part of Alyafi' s book,Artistic studies in Arabic literature. this research focues on defining, discussing, and criticizing Alyafi' s book Moreover, this research points out the pedagogical elements that characterized this book and confined it within its strategy. the significance of these critical issues spring from such restrictions to open its restricted signs to other horizons beyond the pedagogical confinements. Therefore, this research goes beyond mere surveying or following the obvious thread to dive deep after the direct and real issues that underlay much of Alyafi' s study in tackling the two styles of Sufism: symbolism and Abstrationism.

Abstract Wisdom is an expressing tool which poets denote in their innate experiences or routine behaviors. They further utilize wisdom to express their mentality and view points and transfer them to people in their tribe, bazaar or in special ceremonies. Yazji is among those contemporary poets who widely made use of wisdom specially patience so that made his best to develop it. Yazji has promoted the dignity of patience and has motivated people to exercise patience. He considers patience as the best device against the difficulties ant life complexities. This Lebanian poet argues that patience preserves the spirit from sadness and enmity and further provides full security and health for the spirit so that changes the difficulties into easiness. Yazji believes that patience intends to fulfill wishes after one has failed to achieve success because God has promised the best for those who exert patience. Yazji has been widely influenced by Quran, Prophetic Narratives and Motenabbi who one of the famous poet and wisdom in classical epoch of Arabian literature. His ability in wisdom and patient is very easy and transportable, so those whom eager to study his works haven’t any problems and difficulty.

Abstract This studying focuses on the relationship between the self and the other, as it shown in this Syrian novel. This relationship is based on a logic of power.,The Syrian novel portrays the power of the other in all aspects of life including political, military and educational life, in cocontrast with the weakness of the self and its disability. It has weakened resistance mechanisms in confronting the power.

Abstract Following the development of sciences in all various aspects especially in literature, new concepts are appeared analyzing texts with a new and different look at what we have traditionally used to. In light of these comments, the instruments of interpretation have been changed in comparison with ancient times. Theories of context linguistic are among the most common and well-known theories in which, a context is believed as a continuous, coherent and apparent unity structure with no beginning and ending. Coherence is an obvious qualification of a text about which, some great linguists like Holiday and Roghayyeh Hassan have discussed in a book with the same title. They have argued about various factors such as confrontation that cohere different parts of text. Confrontation is a kind of conformity among different words which play significant role in coherence and continuity of text. This confrontation is one of the most common semantic relations in Sahifeh Sajjadieh so that, it is being considered as a distinctive stylistic feature. This paper tries to consider this wonderful style with a descriptive-analytical method as one of the factors of coherence in Sahifeh Sajjadieh. The results show that the method of confrontation in Sahifeh Sajjadieh has a great role in beautification of context as an intellectual array under the light of old rhetoric, and is one of the greatest factors to cohere the context under the light of new linguistics. So, such a continuity and adherence is beyond one or more sentences and ties all prayers to each other as one text which are circling around contrast axis between right and wrong in the form of white and black words. Keywords: Sahifeh Sajjadieh, Correspondence and Confrontation, Coherence, Thematic Unity

Abstract Symbolism is an interpretive and artistic movement that gives the text meaning, beauty and freshness. The researchers in this articleattempt to investigate the poetry of NimaYoushij and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab by referring to nature and its dynamic order, for the symbolic nature results from the imagination and the surrounding environment and the poet through nature and environment shows the pain and affliction of contemporary man in a symbolic way.The main question which remains to be answered, however, is that whetherthe symbolic nature in the poetry of NimaYoushij and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab takes a socio-political colour, too.The two poets lived in a greenenvironment and, therefore, we see elements of nature, such as woods, palm trees, willows, pine trees, lotuses, the sea, and rain,dominate the vocabulary of these two poets and take symbolic meaning like revolution, country and verdure. In regard of the symbolic nature NimaYoushij and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab tried to depict their country as a burned field of harvest surrounded by confused political factors. They wait in this period for rain to change and improve the state of the nation, obliterate the difficulties, set down the dust of colonialism, remove the clouds of despotism and oppression, and induce in the vein of life the desire of return and hope for a bright future.