Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract     As any method of criticisn enjoys a specific discourse and critics follow their specific style of criticism, crystallized in the concepts and, ideas they use or the mastery they show, this study investigates the critical concepts and strategies Lūwīs 'Īwad uses in his work. We hope that we have been able to describe his characteristic critical style and his multidimensional approach. Researshers can find two kinds of ideas in his critical xpression, one dealing with artistic issues, the other with metalinguistic and metadiscoursal ones. This critic intends to delineate a method which can be classified under social and realistic studies. We have started with his first theoretical assertions, those which elaborate the frame work for a critical outlook, providing an arena for more literary criticisn in the context of society, so that literature is an expression of internal visions of the author and external realities of the social context.

Abstract    The large distance between rhetoric and criticism is the principal reason for the observed weak methodology in the practice of literary criticism. So, attempt should be made to establish a consequential movement of literary criticism based on an explicit and principled methodology. It should not be satisfied with the crossing of rhetoric with criticism but aim at harvesting in all fields of Humanities. The present study attempts to show the significance of lexical and rhetorical analysis as the main instrument of adding artistic beauty to literary text and enriching the procedures of literary criticism. Such analysis will encourage the development and progress of literature as any sound and effective critical procedure should start with the raw substance of literary production.  

Abstract This article examines the role analogy plays in syntactic and morphology. It does not examine the definitions or the types of syntactic analogy, nor its basic elements because it addresses scholars with solid knowledge about syntactic analogy and its advantages. This type of analogy has many characteristics, which distinguish it from other types. Certainly, it has pervaded all domains of syntax and morphology and has established its undeniable importance. Accounting for this type of analogy can enhance the scientific level of the field of syntactic studies .

Abstract    This article deals with the systematic significance of Ney (the Flute) , which is rooted in Persian literary heritage and was manifested in the work of Jalāl-ad-Dīn-e Rūmī, also known as Mowlavi. It then elaborates on its influence on modern Arab poetry. To achieve this, the article first takes a glimpse at the famous poem by Mowlavi, known as “ The Flute” and outlines its symbolic and mystic dimensions. Then, it shows how these symbolic dimensions are manifested in two cases of contemporary Arab poetry. One of them is the work of the famous poet , 'Abd al- Wahhāb al-Bayātī, the other is the poem by Khalīl Hāwī, entitled “The Flute and the Wind”. The article explains different contextual and intertextual relations and interactions. The article concludes with support for exegetic reading of the text, which includes interpretations based on intertextuality and context.

Abstract    This study, which is done in the light of modern research, is a small step in exploring the great heritage of Arabic rhetoric. It may be quite appropriate to explore rhetorical techniques in the work of 'Abd al- Qāhīr al-Jurjānī, particularly because he has been neglected in many pieces of research on rhetoric. This article is an attempt for describing 'Abd al- Qāhīr’s approach in investigating novel rhetorical techniques and creative use of figures of meaning and tropes in Arabic poetry based on “composition theory”.

Abstract Siniya, al-Buhturī's famous Poem for the deseription of Ivan Kasra is a descriptive masterpiece in Arabic poetry , the most beautiful part being his description of “the Antioch Battle”, an awe-inspiring picture depicting the victory of Iranian over the Romans. This picture inspired him with wonder, then he reproduced it in his poem, so much so that when readers read it they can visualize the picture and feel as if they were present in the battle. So, al-Buhturī soars to the highest poetic standards by connecting arts and literature. The creator of the picture on the wall has integrated the elements so well that the viewers perceive them as alive. When the modern readers read the poem, they are surprised by the deep knowledge of the poet about the hidden cultural meanings in the picture. al-Buhturī has used his physical perception of the artistic work on the wall to express his intellectual and artistic view of Persian civilization. He acknowledges the glory and magnificence of Irianian civilization and the ability of Irianians in their management of warfare. Thus, he takes no notice of the narrow racial and ethnic biases and enters the limitless sphere of humanity

Abstract   Comparative literature is a modern kind of research which was born in France then spread to other Western and European universities and eventually arrived on the scene of Asian and Iranian universities. Although comparative literature is a new field of study, comparative studies in their simple forms have existed in the literature of different lands long ago. Comparative literature in Iran was established by Ms. F ā ţeme-ye Sayy ā h. She founded the chair of comparative literature in Tehran University in 1938. However, this chair soon came to an end due to her early death, lack of knowledgeable professor in the field, and lack of correct long-term planning and policy making. This study is an attempt at providing a fairly comprehensive picture of the history of comparative literature in Iran and the challenges this new sub-discipline faces .