Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract Algerian revolutionary poet Ahmad Sahnun the time spent in prison, sing odes containing valuable recommendations and advice that readers can take to stop the ugly moral and adorn themselves with good morals. Sahnun the goodness found that people associated with the French colonialists in Algeria as a result of being away from their Islamic identity and ethics and virtue is pulled.  And in the cesspool of ignorance and hypocrisy and gossip and infidelity and promiscuity and unbecoming behavior has gone down. This article is provided to survey in descriptive method - analytical in prison pf Ahmad Sahnun's poems. And the most important results of this study, it is advised and advised that the Sahnun is uttered in his poems with the religious, social and moral tone, so that it could humiliation and wretched life of a nation is to live with dignity and become generous. Sahnun is like profession doctor that cure the ethical treatment of people who suffer from incurable diseases were have hard sicks. He recommended tools in this work and that they will preach the pure Islamic culture and high moral human being is borrowed.

Abstract Mohammad’s invitation letters, in addition to being sacred texts, include exact word combinations which are based on calculated and systematic arrangements of words and sentences. Stylistics is a linguistic science which study texts along four dimensions: syntax, morphology, phonology, and signification. This science guides its audience and users to become aware of and enjoy interrelated and organized meanings and structures. This study intends to investigate the prophet’s invitation letters according the above-mentioned four dimensions and the narrative research methodology. Its significance lies in its elaboration of the indications, aesthetics, and thematic focuses of the letters as well as providing some stylistic awareness of them in the light of the four dimensions. The article is concerned with revealing the systematic relations among the combination and collocations, and analyzing musical themes and the prosody of the words. The prophet wrote these letters on returning from Hodeibieh to the rulers of Persia, Ethiopia, Bahrain, Egypt, and Bolqa. Some of these rulers welcomed the invitation and became believers; others did not. They became believers when their lands was conquered by Muslim.

Abstract Ali Ahmad Said known by the pen name Adonis or Adunis is among poets who extensively use symbolism to express their ideas and thoughts.  He uses this style to express ideas and statements not directly articulated due to certain political and social restrictions.  In his symbolism, he relies on several natural elements including the sun, the sea, rainfall, the moon, stones, the sky, the wind, and fire. In this study we try to discuss and investigate the symbolism of the term “fire” and its implications in “Mahyar of Damascus’s Songs”.  The application of symbols and the use of abandoned and obsolete words and situational implications in contemporary literary texts is a more or less common trend among the poets. The main goal of the current study is to investigate the symbols and implications of the term “fire” used by Adunis and to show whether he has accepted or evaded the norms. Moreover, we try to identify positive and negative views of the poet while using this term. Accordingly, this study uses a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the study show that, according to Aduunis, the implications of fire are divided into two main types. The first one is affirmative and positive implications which involve implications of fertility, birth, and rebirth since fire is used as a symbol of purity and cleanliness, light, transcendentalism and progress in many religions and cultures. The second category involves negative implications including destruction, devastation, and demise. These negative implications are rooted in different factors and reasons including deteriorating political conditions, war, displacement, exile, and the fact that the poet’s father died in a fire.
 

Abstract The present study deals with exploring the concept of syntactic devices and surveys its development by the traditional and modern syntacticians. Syntax expert have related this concept to other notions such as rhetorical devices and some other recent grammarians have included it in parts of speech, a point which old grammarians neglected. However, the results of scholarly research have helped to distinguish the concept of syntactic tools from other similar concepts. These results have gathered the opinions of traditional and modern grammarians without preferring one over the other. These studies have also distinguished verbs from tools because they have distinct grammatical characteristics, indicate time, and have many conjugations. Studies have also defined the concept of grammatical tools and described its properties. This research aims to find a clear definition for syntactic tools not to classify them or follow their origins and development through history. However, if the historical traces for the development of tools are focused on, it is to define the concept of tool and clarify its properties.     
 

Abstract This study aims to examine how the poetry of Mamduh Udvan was affected by Quranic inspirations and show how the high language and noble meanings of the Quran enhanced the modern poetry to artistic levels. This search for inspiration in Udvan’s poetry has different manifestations examples of which are Provided at two levels in this article: 1) lexical levels in which the poet resort to Quranic lexicon to express a contemporary truth and 2) the stylistic level in which the poet uses Quaranic to communicate his ideas ad feelings by borrowing Quaranic expressions. The Quran has inspired Udvan to create meaning and beauty in his texts. This fact causes his work to make a especial relation with its audience because of the sacredness of the Quran and its high quality language. This inspiration is easily accommodated by the modern poetry, which welcomes connection to the Quran as a dynamic source.
 

Abstract Life is full of harmony and contrast and combining contrasting forms is a large part of human thinking. Everything in the universe tends to have a contrasting opposite. Many researchers have studied these contrasts. The ode “Lamiyyat al-'Arab”, attributed to Shanfara, is a traditional poem full of contradictory concepts. The present researchers examined these opposing concepts in this ode at different levels. We started with the arrangement of words and concepts to identify contradictions and considered them in terms of cultural anthropology. We did not concern ourselves with the authenticity of the affiliation of this ode; our mere concern was to identify and present the contrasts. Then, we elucidated the concepts in the light of the poet’s character and life. The most important of these contrasts was the contrasts between the seclusion and affinity, pride and abjection, hunger and satiation, delicacy and hardness, patience and dread, etc. According to this research these contrasts reveal the mental conflicts of the poet and are rooted in the opposition of positive and negative or good and evil in the mentality of Shanfara.

Abstract The issue of speech act is a significant issue in pragmatics. Speech acts encapsulate lectionary, illocutionary and perloctionary forces. I have dealt with what is said in speech. What is said is an achieved action. To be achieved, this action depends on presuppositions or prior assumptions between the speaker and the recipient of speech. The speaker discusses his previous references to make his words an action which should be done. All of the above depends on the context. Although pragmatics is considered a western branch of knowledge and scholarship which has introduced the idea of speech act, our tradition is not devoid of similar ideas although they may have been expressed through other terms.In this research, we have tried to take a linguistic approach midway between western thinking and Arabic one and studying one of the most important linguistic and intellectual heritage resources to make our present linguistic knowledge base richer and reveal the depth our traditional knowledge.