Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract The book, Cultural Criticism, aims to discover literary patterns which comprise the current cultural infrastructure. The author uses a critical approach which is different from the established literary criticism, which limits itself to exploring the beauties of literary texts and ignores the central but not so apparent themes. Therefore, cultural criticism is necessary so that these cultural patterns and themes as well as the styles of the works become known. These styles are interwoven with social styles and norms and it is these norms and styles that help or hinder their expansion. This article examines the most important themes of this book and attempts to suggest modifications to its approaches and methods.

Abstract Metaphor is one of the superior literary styles of Arabs and is a criterion for identifying and measuring their astuteness and skillfulness. Some of the beauty in speeches or sentences is related to metaphor. Without any doubt, the messenger of God (Peace Be Upon Him) was at the peak eloquence. He was speaking to the Arab tribes in their own language and accent in the possible articulate and eloquent way. The aim of this paper is to study the style of metaphor and its manifestation in the speeching and sayings of the prophet (Peace Be Upon Him). It wants to portray a small piece of the eloquence of our prophet. Another aim of this paper is to find a proper answer for the following questions: what is the position of metaphor in saying of prophet (Peace Be upon Him)? What kind of styles of metaphor was used by him? What is the practical role of metaphor in conveying the meaning and making it close to the mind of the addressed person? Is it that our prophet has been under the influence of the Quran in his words and, in case of positive answer, how much was the influence? Our method in this research is choosing some of the traditions (Hadiths) of our prophet in which he has used metaphor and portrayings these metaphors. We have tried to complete what has been said and provide what has not been said.

Abstract One of the most significant features in contemporary poetry, especially Palestinian poetry, is the presence of locational elements with specific characteristics. This is so because Palestinians, who have been expelled from their land and feel their identity has been taken away from them, consider location their identity- the occupation of their land means their loss of identity.
This feature is very salient in Mahmud Darwish’s poetry . He who entered the field of poerty in 1960s, considers place so important that it plays a pivotal role in all his poems and other elements revolve around it. Therefore, place and its different varieties take up a large space in his poetry. This article aims to briefly survey Darwish’s new poems.Specifically, it examines the significance of the aforementioned element in terms of the concept of “contrast” in Darwish’s recent poems.

Abstract Colors are amony the most salient natural elements in our environment. People have used colors in their clothes, home appliances and the tools which they use since ancient times. Poets, too, have laced their poems with colors found in nature. Arabic poetry in Andalusia has enjoyed great positive developmrnts in the context of the beautiful nature in this land. Among Andalucian poets, Ibn Khafaja is more famous than others for describing nature.
Hence there are more uses o colors in his poetry collection than other poets. He has used his perceptiveness, deep feelings and sense of beauty to artistically integrate colors in his description of nature. The best witness to this claim is the many odes in which the poet frequently uses colors so much so that these researchers were convinced to label these odes as “ color poetry”.

Abstract Koranic intertextuality is one of the most frequently used stylistic devices in Arabic resistance poetry. It has a strong presence in poetic productions because it is able to develop the meaning in the poems. It gives the poems depth and make it an entrance to the nature of man. This feature is something different from supporting and consecrating the words of the poet. Moreover, during the past years, there have been errors in relation to Koranic intertextuality- expressions which are inconsistent with the status of the Koran. This article reviews the Koramic intertextuality in a selected sample of Palestinian and Egyptian resistance potry, that is, in the poetry of Mohmud Darwish and Amal Donqol. The review shows that the two poets sometimes go astray in their use of Koranic references.

Abstract This research is concerned with a concept called “Um-ol-Baab”, which has wide applications in syntax. This article attempts to clarify this concept and specify terms which are used to directly or indirectly refer to it. This has been done by examining the views and works of a good number of syntacticians. Three subgroupings have been revealed :1) devices the structure of which are compatible with their meanings, 2) devices which are questionable as to their meaning or purpose , and 3) devices the structure of which does not match their meanings. Syntactic scholars suppose that these devices have unique properties. The investigation of the syntactic categories of some of the verbs yielded significant findings and revealed justifications for this term. Those justifications are sometimes related to forms, sometimes related to content, and sometimes to both.

Abstract Two kinds of music can be identified in any poetic works: internal music and external music. This research investigates both types and their implications and effects in Yahia Alsamaway’s divan, Inscriptions on the Trunk of a Palm. Concerning external music, the article tries to examine features such as the metric and rhyme patterns. Concerning internal musical elements, the article pays attention to repetitions, the effect of music on meaning, coherence, and some other musical effects such as pun and contrast. It becomes clear that, in this rhythmic ode, the poet has tried to make careful use of small details in internal and external musical resources, in order to enrich his work, and thus express his feelings of pain and sorrow as a result of wounds inflicted upon Iraq.