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Outbreak of knowledge and technology in the novel "The Second War of the Dog” based on Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern metanarratives

    Authors

    • Ahmad Arefi 1
    • Raja AbuAli 2

    1 PhD student in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.

    2 Associate Professor in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Allama Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.

,

Document Type : Scientific- Research Article

10.22075/lasem.2023.28898.1350
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Abstract

Lyotard examined the state of knowledge and technology in modern society and questioned them because they serve the rich who do business with them in the capitalist system that created them to acquire wealth. So it affected all aspects of human life and caused his destruction. He rejected extensive meta-narratives and suggested small and temporary sub-narratives. According to the descriptive-analytical method and relying on Lyotard's postmodern components, this article investigates the role of the capitalist system in general and the development of knowledge and technology in particular in the novel. "The Second Dog War" by Ebrahim Nasrallah. One of the research findings of the article is that in the novel "The Second Dog War", knowledge and technology destroy mankind by being in the hands of politicians and using it as a tool, in such a way that the protagonist Rashed by inventing it causes a similarity. The fictional characters brought chaos and ultimately the destruction of mankind as a result. One of the similar theories of Lyotard and Ebrahim Nasrallah is that both of them have pointed to the crises that modern society and the capitalist system and its knowledge and technology have led to as a result of using tools to earn profit. , With the difference that Lyotard completely rejects the project of enlightenment and modern reason and its manifestations, which cannot reject modern society with its manifestations, because modern society with all its shortcomings is largely in providing a better life. Freedom, equality, removal of oppression and racial. discrimination, etc. have been successful But it seems that Nasrallah, without completely rejecting it, proposes the improvement and reform of modern society through the communicative intellect derived from the dialogues of fictional characters and presenting arguments through these characters, although many dialogues in the novel does not refer to democracy and freedom of speech, but it refers to fascism and dictatorship and covert domination to the extent that the dictator's characters took the freedom of speech from the captive characters and humiliated them and allowed them to speak when speaking and asking questions and they don't ask the question.

Keywords

  • postmodernism
  • Lyotard
  • rejection of metanarratives
  • Capitalism And knowledge and technology
  • Ebrahim Nasrallah And The novel "The Second War Of The Dog"

Main Subjects

  • Modern techniques
  • Literary Criticism
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References
The Sources and References
A) Arabic books
1- Atiya, Ahmed Abdul Halim, Lyotar and our post-modern situation, Beirut: Dar al-Farabi, 2011.
2- Al-Bahrawi, Seyyed, Genres of prose in modern Arabic literature, no place: no publication, no date.
3- Baudrillard, Jean, pretense and pretences, translated by Jozef Abdallah, revised by Saud Al-Mouli, Beirut: Al-Hamra, 2008.
4- Foucault, Michel, Discourse System, translated by Mohammad Sabila. Beirut: Dar al-Tanvir, 2007.
5- Hamdawi, Jamil, Theories of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric in the Postmodern Stage, No Place: No Publications, 2011.
6- Hamouda, Abdul Aziz, Concave mirrors (from structuralism to deconstruction), Al Kuwait: Alam al-Marafa, 1998.
7- Lishte, Jun, Khamsoun Mafkare Asiya Contemporaries from Al-Baniwiyyah to Post-Modernity, translated by Faten Al-Bustani, Beirut: Al-Moght Al-Arabiya, 2008.
8- Lyotard, John Francois, the postmodern situation; Tarot on Al-Marafa, translation: Ahmed Ihsan, Cairo: Dar Sharqiyat, 1944.
9- Nasrallah, Ibrahim, Second Dog War, Beirut: Dar al-Uloom Publishers, 2016.
10- Sebila, Muhammad and Abd al-Salam bin Abd al-Ali, Postmodernism, Manifestations and Criticisms (philosophical books, selected texts), Maghreb: Dar Toubqal, 2007.
11- Al-Sheikh, Mohammad Vyaser Al-Tayeri, Approaches in modernity and post-modernity- Selected dialogues of contemporary German thought, Beirut: Dar al-Tali'a, 1996.
12- Youssef, Ali Hossein, Postmodernism and Critical Manifestations, Amman: Al-Rizwan, 2016.
 
B) Persian books
13- Haghigi, Shahrokh, transition from modernity? Nietzsche, Foucault, Lyotard, Derrida, Tehran, Marwarid, 1401.
14- Finlayson, James Gordon, Introduction to Habermas, translated by Hashem Agha Beg-Puri and Jalil Sahabi, Tehran: Sociologists, 1400.
15- Markoze, Herbert, Mono-constructed Man, translated by Mohsen Moayidi, Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1362.
16- Miller, Peter, Subject, Stila and Power, translated by Niko Sarkhosh and Afshin Jahandideh, Tehran: Nei, 2013.
17- Payandeh, Hossein, theory and literary criticism (an interdisciplinary textbook), Tehran: Samit, vol. 2, 2017.
18- Popkin, Richard and Avrom Stroll, The Principles of Philosophy, translation and additions by Dr. Seyyed Jalaluddin Mojtaboi, Tehran: Hikmat, 2013.
19 - Turner, Jonathan H., postmodernist theories, translated by Samad Abedini, Tabriz: Sotoudeh, 2013.
 
C) English books
20- Foucault, Michel, the birth of the clinic, translated by Presses Universitaires de Francem, France: Routledge, 1976.
21- Kundera, Milan, the art of the novel, translated from the French by Linda Asher, first published in French as L'Art du roman by Editions Gallimard, 1986.
22- Milner and Browit, (2002), Contemporary Cultural Theory An Introduction, London: Routledge.
23- Otto Boer, Fascism & Capitalism, Frankfurt, 1969.
24- Stanley G. Payne, Frankos Spain, Rkp, London, 1976.
25- Valverde, Mariana, Michel Foucault, New York: Routledge, 2017.
26- Walter Laqueur, Fascism, A Readers Guide, Penipel, 1982.
 
D) Theses
27- Arefi, Ahmed, Aesthetics of syntactic styles in the novel "The Second War Of The Dog" by Ibrahim Nasrallah, Master's thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 2018.
 
E) Arabic articles
28- Abu Ghanimah, Hoda, "Fantasia of the vision of the future; Narrative of the Second War of the Dog by Ebrahim Nasrallah, "Imagine", Magazine of Al-Hadab, Issue 360, 2019, pp. 73-76.
29- Iman, Mustafa Hossein and Mohammad Al-Qadaa, "The Coldness of Al-Fawzi and the Contract of Humanity in Al-Rawaiya Al-Ajaibiyyah; Narrative of the Second War of the Dog by Ebrahim Nasrallah Al-Muqada", Journal of Al-Baath Society, No. 103, Vol. 4, 2019, pp. 120-75.
30- Madan, Sharifa, "Sociological reading of Francois Lyotard's "post-modern situation", Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Volume 07. Issue 02, 2021, pp. 305-319.
31- Qadem, Abdul Latif, "The Death of Man in Al-Gharbiyyah Al-Hadith: My Nietzsche and Foucault Reading in Models", Abulius Magazine, Souq Ahras University, No. 7, 2017, pp. 131-149.
 
F) Farsi articles
32- Ajili, Hadi and Mohsen Selgi, "A solution to the conflict of "Lyotar and Habermas" about "language and general consensus", Hikmat and Philosophy magazine, 12th year, 3rd issue, pp. 28-7, 2015.
33- Fani, Ruhollah, "Educational Implications of Lyotard's Postmodernist Perspective and Its Criticism", Educational Innovations Magazine, Volume Three, Number 9, pp. 66-87, 2013.
34- Molla Ebrahimi, Ezzat, and Soghari Rahimi, "Analysis of the components of postmodernism in the fictional works of Jabra Ebrahim Jabra (based on the novels "The Search for Walid Masoud" and "Jumiyat Sarab Affan"), Journal of Arabic Language and Literature, No. 16, pp. 273-306. 2016
35- Qomi, Mohsen, "The effect of Wittgenstein's theory of language games on Lyotard's philosophy", Shiraz University Religious Thought Quarterly, 16, pp. 61-92, 2014.
 
G) Electronic websites
36- Al-Jazeera, Al-Jazeera channel "Harb al-Kalb al-Second". Al-Tabrar-Kol-Shi, http://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2018/4/25، 2018.
    • Article View: 868
    • PDF Download: 481
Studies on Arabic Language and Literature
Volume 13, Issue 36
Volume 13, Issue 36, Fall 2022 and Winter 2023.
January 2023
Pages 25-60
Files
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  • PDF 1.2 M
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History
  • Receive Date: 19 November 2022
  • Revise Date: 22 January 2023
  • Accept Date: 01 February 2023
  • Publish Date: 01 December 2023
Share
How to cite
  • RIS
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • BibTeX
  • APA
  • MLA
  • HARVARD
  • CHICAGO
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Statistics
  • Article View: 868
  • PDF Download: 481

APA

Arefi, A. and AbuAli, R. (2023). Outbreak of knowledge and technology in the novel "The Second War of the Dog” based on Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern metanarratives. Studies on Arabic Language and Literature, 13(36), 25-60. doi: 10.22075/lasem.2023.28898.1350

MLA

Arefi, A. , and AbuAli, R. . "Outbreak of knowledge and technology in the novel "The Second War of the Dog” based on Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern metanarratives", Studies on Arabic Language and Literature, 13, 36, 2023, 25-60. doi: 10.22075/lasem.2023.28898.1350

HARVARD

Arefi, A., AbuAli, R. (2023). 'Outbreak of knowledge and technology in the novel "The Second War of the Dog” based on Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern metanarratives', Studies on Arabic Language and Literature, 13(36), pp. 25-60. doi: 10.22075/lasem.2023.28898.1350

CHICAGO

A. Arefi and R. AbuAli, "Outbreak of knowledge and technology in the novel "The Second War of the Dog” based on Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern metanarratives," Studies on Arabic Language and Literature, 13 36 (2023): 25-60, doi: 10.22075/lasem.2023.28898.1350

VANCOUVER

Arefi, A., AbuAli, R. Outbreak of knowledge and technology in the novel "The Second War of the Dog” based on Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern metanarratives. Studies on Arabic Language and Literature, 2023; 13(36): 25-60. doi: 10.22075/lasem.2023.28898.1350

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