Author
Lecturer, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Gilan University, Rasht, Iran.
,
Document Type : Scientific- Research Article
Abstract
The collage technique, which is difficult to use in the novel due to the structural differences between the visual arts and the novel, was considered in the postmodern novel. Is a technical collage created by French artists following the modern trends of the second half of the twentieth century, after the end of the First and Second World Wars? When were legal and human concepts and justice weakened? This technique was also used in the postmodern Arabic novel and caused the description and reduction of the dominance of the event and the character in the novel to the extent that the element of place became a dynamic and basic element in the narrative. In such a case, the novel was formed from scattered visual images, which leads to the creation of a collage-like and fragmented narrative, and offers a new form of drawing and modernist narrative. Given the formation of such a style, this study seeks to investigate this narrative technique in the Alexandrian novel by Adwar al-Kharat, a powerful and late Egyptian writer. The result shows that Atrat Kharat has created a modernist novel in which the element of description has been used more than the element of narrative. Those diverse and contradictory collage descriptions in such a way that the protagonist is a spatial subject and not a human figure. This style has led to the domination of the personal and emotional aspect in the novel and broke the element of time and not using linear time.
The Sources and References:
- Abdel Aziz, Mustafa, Biting Unconventional Raw Materials in Photography, Its Possibilities and the Extent of Benefiting from It in the Meda of Art Education, Master’s Thesis, Cairo: Helwan University, 1973.
- Al-Kharrat, Edward, Alexandria, Cairo: Independent House and Printing Press, 1994 AD.
- Al-Eid, Yemen, the narrator. Location and form: a research in the narrative narrative, Beirut: Arab Research House, 1999 AD.
- Al-Atabi, Riyadh Khammmat, The Aesthetic Concept of Phenomenological Philosophy in Graphic Presentation, Baghdad: University of Baghdad, Journal of the College of Islamic Education, 2009.
- Al-Sudairi, Maha Muhammad, “The Collage in Contemporary Saudi Painting Works,” The Jordanian Journal of Arts, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2017, pp. 137-162
- Ashry, Ahmed, The Hero in the Sixties Theater between Theory and Practice, Cairo: The Egyptian General Book Authority, 1992
- Attia, Reda, Al-Aish fi Narration, Cairo: The Egyptian General Book Authority, 2017.
- Bakhtin, Mikhail, Dostevsky’s Poetry, translated by: Jamil Nassif Al-Tikriti, first edition, Morocco: Casablanca, 1986 AD.
- Bahrawi, Hassan, The Structure of the Narrative Form, Beirut: The Arab Cultural Center, 1990.
- Boukotb, Mustafa, Writing the Ego between Autobiographical and Imaginary, through Edwar Al-Kharrat’s Alexandrian, Master’s Thesis, Tunis: University of Sfax, 2018.
- El-Gabali, Farouk Mohamed Wehbe, The Role of Material in Artistic Work, Ph.D. Thesis, Egypt: Helwan University, Faculty of Fine Arts, 1988.
- Hamidi, Al-Arabi, Restricting writing in narration as a hindrance to freedom of creativity, Cultures journal, 2018: thaqafat.com/2018/06/88646
- Qassem, Siza Ahmed, Building the Novel, Beirut: Dar Al-Tanweer, 1985 AD.
- Murtad, Abdul-Malik, On the Theory of the Novel, Kuwait: The National Council for Culture and Arts, 1998 AD.
- Pearson Education Ltd, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.Edingburg Gate, Hallow Essex, cm 20 2J E England, 2007
- Red Herbert, Art and Industry, Foundations of Industrial Design, translated by: Fath Al-Bab Abdel Halim and Mohamed Youssef, Cairo: Alam Al-Kutub, 1974 AD.
Ricoeur, Paul, Time and Narration, translated by: Saeed Ghanimi and Falah Rahim, Tripoli: United New Books House, 1985 AD.
)