Document Type : Scientific- Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran

Abstract

Equivalence in translating pronouns has been for a long time among the most discussed issues in translation studies and was the main objective of this study. It is worth noting that relying on linguistic findings, researchers have done effective works in this regard. They have discovered similarities and differences of languages through linguistic studies, known as equivalence assessment or comparative studies. Reflexive pronoun is a linguistic element that has been the subject of many linguistic studies. The studies show that this pronoun has been used differently in different languages having an objective or an emphatic function. In Arabic, the differentiation between objective and emphatic functions is easy because of the existence of diactrics, while in Persian the words Khish, khishtan and Khod, all meaning self, can have objective and emphasis functions. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study tried to explicate the common aspects of Arabic and Persian in reflexivity. It then tried to explore the main challenges of Persian translators of Arabic facing the pronoun. Results show that Persian translations almost have two main problems. The first is that the differences between the objective and emphatic functions which have been ignored. The second is that enough attention has not been paid to the meaning of verbs. So the translations are not equivalent. Explicitation is proposed then as a strategy for resolving the problem.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. The Holy Quran

    Nahj al-Balagha

    1. A group of translators, translation of Tafsir Tabari, edited by Habib Yaghmaei, Qom: Tibian Institute, 2008.
    2. Abbas, Hassan, Al-nahw al-wafi, Cairo, Dar Al-ma’arif, 2012.
    3. Abu al-Khair, Abu Said, Rubaiyat Abu Saeed Abi al-Khair, Iqbal, 2018.
    4. Abu Hayyan al- Andalusi, Al Bahr Al Muhit fi Al Tafsir, Dar Al- Fikr, 1999.
    5. Al Hilali, Sulaym Ibn Qays, (….). Kitab Sulaym Ibn Qays Al Hilali, Translation: Ahmad zadih, Qom: Hadi.
    6. Al- Mubarrad, Abual-Abbas Muhammad ibn Yazid, Al- Muqtab, Investigation: Hasan Hamd, Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Al- Kotob Al- Ilmiyah, 1994.
    7. Al- Sa'alibi, Abdurrahman, Tafsir al- Sa'alibi,  Investigation: Muhammad Ali Moawad, Beirut, Dar ihy al-Touras al-Arabi, 1997.
    8. Al- Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad, The book of Guidance, translator, Muhammad Baqir Saadi Khorasani, Tehran: Islamiyyah, 1997.
    9. Al- Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad, The book of Guidance, translator: Hashem Rasooli, Tehran: Islamiyyah, 1997.

    10. Al- Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, Al-Ashbah wa Al-nazayir fi Al-nahw, Damascus, Academy of the Arabic Language, 1987.

    11. Al- Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, Al- Ouqud al-Zabarjud fi IIrab al Hadith al- nabawi, Beirut, Dar Al-Jaieel al- Arabi.1994.

    12. Al- Zamakhshari, Abu al- Qasim, Tafsir Al- Kashaf an Haqaiq- Tanzil, Beirut,Dar Al Kitab Al-Arabi, 1985.

    13. Al-Alusi, Shehab Eddin, Rūh al-Ma'ānī fī Tafsīri-l-Qur'āni-l-'Aẓīm wa Sab'u-l-Mathānī, Beirut, Dar Al-Kotob Al-Alamiya, 1993.

    14. Al-Harrani, ibn Shu’ba, Tuhaf al-Uqul, Translation:, Behrad Jafari,Tehran: Dar Al-kotob Al-Islamiyah, 2001.

    15. Al-Harrani, ibn Shu’ba, Tuhaf al-Uqul, Translation:Ahmad Jannati, Tehran: Amir Kabir, 2003.

    16. Al-Hurr al-Amili, Muhammad bin al-Ḥasan, Wasa'il al-Shia, Qom: al-albayt.1992.

    17. Al-Isfahani, Abu al-Faraj, Kitab al-Aghani,  Beirut, Dar al-Sadir, 1971.

    18. Al-Jāmī, Nūr ad-Dīn 'Abd ar-Rahmān,. Al fawa’id al dya’yah whw sharha al kafiyah ibn al hajib, Osama Al-Rifai, Beirut, Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 1983.

    19. Al-Jarjani, Abdel-Qaher, al-Awamil al-miayat al-nahwiat Fi 'usul eilm alearabit, shrh: khalid al-azhry, Egypt, Dar Al-Maarif, 2009.

    20. Al-Tabresi, Fadhl ibn Hasan,. Makarim al-Akhlaq, Translation: Seyed Ahmad Ahmadzadeh, Tehran: Islamic Publications. 2011.

    21. Al-Tabresi, Fadhl ibn Hasan, Makarim al-Akhlaq, Translation: Azizullah Atardi Quchani, Tehran: Islamic Publications, 2011.

    22. Al-Tabresi, Fadhl ibn Hasan, Makarim al-Akhlaq, Translation: Seyed Ibrahim Mirbagheri, Tehran: Islamic Publications, 2011.

    23. Al-Thaalabi, Abdul-Rahman, Al-Jawaher al-Hassan in the interpretation of the Qur’an, 1997.

    24. Al-Tha'labi, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Al-Kashf wa-l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dar ihy al-Touras al-Arabi, 2002.

    25. Arjenak, Gholamreza, Today's Persian Grammar, Tehran, Qatar, 1995.

    26. Ashrafi Tabrizi, Mahmoud, translation of the Holy Quran, 1994.

    27. Croft,W. Typologyanduniversals. Cambridge:CambridgeUniversi ty Press, 2003.

    28. Davari, Shadi, ‘The Emergence oh Reflexive Intensifiers in persian: A Grammaticalization Account’, Grammar,vo: 12, 2016, Pp 171-192.

    29. Dehlavi, Shah Wali Allah, Fath al-Rahman translated by the Quran, by Massoud Ansari, , Tehran: Ehsan Publishing. 2008.

    30. Ferdowsi, Abu al-Qasim, Shahnameh, por Jalal jleghi Motlagh, Teherán: Centro de la Gran Enciclopedia Islámica, 2012.

    31. Hafiz Shirazi, Shams al-din Muhammad, Divan Hafiz, corregido por: Ghani Qazwini, Teherán: Ghoghnous, 2008.

    32. Hassan, Abbas, Al-Wafi grammar, Tehran: Nasir Khusraw, 1988.

    33. Ibn ʿĀshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir, Tafsir al-Tahrir wa'l-Tanwir, Tunisia: Dar al-Tunisiyya li-al-Nashr, 1987.

    34. Ibn Fāris al-Qazwīnī, Aḥmad, Qom, Maqayis Al-Lughah, Maktab Al-Islami, 1982.

    35. Ibn Manzur, Muhammad ibn Mukarram, Lisan al-Arab,  Beirut:  Dar al Sadir, 1983.

    36. Ibn Tawus, Ali ibn Musa, Barnameh Sa’aadat, translation: Mohammad Baqir Shahidi Golpayegani,Tehran, Al- Maktabat Al- Mortazaviyah, 1962.

    1. 37.   Ibn Yaish, Ali, Sharh Al-Mufassal, Beirut: Alam al Kotob,2001.

    38. Jakobson,   R.  Shifters,   verbal   categories   and   the   Russian   verbs. Cambridge: Harvard Universit. 1957.

    39. Jami, Noor al-din Abd al-rahman, Divan Jami, corrección: Mohammad Roshan, Teherán: Nigah, 2010.

    40. Khazaeefar, Ali; Safinejad,Mohadese; Sabbagh, Mahmud Ghorban.(2015). Aesthetic equivalence in Translation of Literary texts on the light of  Aesthetic reception, Language and translation Studies, VO 47,N 4,  2015, Pp: 69-90.

    41. König, E., and P.  Siemund,  “Intensifiers  and  Reflexives:  A  Typological  Perspective”, Reflexives: Forms and Functions,Z. Frajzyngier & T. S. Curl (eds.), 2000,  Pp. 41–74.

    42. Lahorey, Iqbal. Generalities of Iqbal Lahori, by the efforts of Abdullah Akbarian Rad, Tehran: Ilham, 2010.

    43. Moezzi, Mohammad Kazem, Translation of the Holy Quran, Qom: Aswa, 1993.

    44. Mouloudj, Farida, Contrastive Analysis “Objectivesand Levels”, International Journal for Arabic Linguistics and Literature Studies,  Volume 1, Issue 2, 2019, Pp 144-157.

    45. Nasfi, Abu Hafs Najmuddin Omar Ibn Mohammad, Nasfi commentary, Tehran: Soroush, 2011.

    46. Qarib, Abd al-Aazim; Bahar, Mohammad Taqi; Homayi, Jalaluddin; Forouzanfar, Badi 'al-Zaman; Yasemi, Rashid Ostad Banj Grammar, Tehran: Nahid, 1993.

    47. Ramadan, M& Hoshan, MH, Linguistic Mechanisms of Evidentiality in Modern Standard Arabic, Forum Yearbook, 2020, Issue 1, pp. 409-429.

    48. Saadi, Abū-Muhammad, Colliyat, Correction: Baha-al-ddin Khorramshahi, Tehran, Dustan, 2004.

    49. Sha'rani, Abol hassan, translation of the Holy Quran, Islamic Tehran, 1993.

    50. Shibr, Abdullah, aljawhar althamiyn fi tafsir, al- Qur’an Al-Mubeen, Kuwait, Alfin publishing, 1986.

    51. Sulaymān, Muqātil,  Tafsīr Muqātil ibn Sulaymān, investigation: Ahmed Farid Al-Mazidi, Dar Al-Kotob Al-Alamiya, 2002.

    52. Tabataba'i, Sayyid Mohammad Hossein, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Tehran, Dar al kotob al islamiya, 2004.

    53. WILLEMSD &  B.DEFRANQ,  T.  COLLEMAN,  D.  NOEL Contrastive Analysis  in  language,  Idendifying  Linguistic  units  of  comparison,  Palgrave: mcmillan, 2003.

    54. yaequba, 'iimil bdye, Encyclopedia of Grammar, Morphology and Syntax, dar alealam lilmalayin,2000.

    Electronic source

    https://www.oxfordproducts.com/motorcycle/brands/oxford/rider_wear/reflectives