Abstract
The lack of equivalents for five foreign sounds in the Arabic alphabet—the triangular bā' (پ), the triangular fā' (ڤ), the triangular zāy (ژ), the triangular jīm (چ), and the Persian kāf (گ)—has created confusion and chaos in the way of writing these sounds in Arabic. Three of these five sounds are present in ancient and modern Arabic dialects. They are not unfamiliar to the Arabic ear, but they were not written down due to their specificity to certain dialects and the few challenges facing Arabic at that time. The goal of this study is to establish a unified system for writing these five letters by adding symbols to the Arabic alphabet for three of them: the triangular zay (ژ), the triangular jim (چ), and the Persian kaf (گ), and replacing the other two with their closest equivalents, namely the ba' and the fa'. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, discussing the Arabic way of dealing with foreign words, presenting evidence from contemporary writings on the writing of absent letters, and demonstrating the presence of three of the absent letters in ancient Arabic dialects. The study concluded that the solution lies in borrowing three scripts from Persian, which share Arabic's spelling and alphabet, and adding them to the Arabic alphabet. This is not an addition, but rather a restoration and completion of the Arabic alphabet, as the original Arabic of these sounds is the Arabic language.
Main Subjects
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