Studies on Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract Resistance poetry is one of the cornerstones of contemporary Arabic literature and is one of the vastest realms of poetry poets have concerned themselves with. The poet of resistance does not have any choice but to write his own destiny and invite others to freedom and independence and be devoted to the interests of his society. A careful look at the contemporary poetry of Tunisia reveals that Abulghasem al-Shabi is one the greatest poets of resistance who firmly believes in freedom and sees himself responsible for his fellow countrymen and Arab nations. He stands against oppression and injustice, takes pride in the brilliant history of his nation and does not accept the current state of affairs. This paper attempts to investigate symbols of resistance in Al-Shabi’s poems as well as his life, personality and culture. It also tries to outline the most important themes in his resistance poems in the following areas:
1. Patriotism,
2. Resisting colonialism,
3. Nationalism.

Abstract Discourse analysis is an attempt to identify the messages that a text intends to convey. The discourse analyst tries to put them in a historical and social context by considering it with reference to the sources it is derived from. In other words, discourse analysis helps decode the text and identify the assumptions behind it and the intellectual interests of the author. This study aims to interpret the poem, Lazarus 62, by Khalil Hawi in the light of the theory of discourse analysis and its sub-theories of unity and coherence.

Abstract Alienation refers to situations where the individual suffers personal weakness or disintegration as a result of internal social psychological processes. Psychological complexes, personality disorders, anxiety, chronic worry and low self-esteem can each be a reflection of alienation which has afflicted the hero of "Latin Quarter" by Suhail Edris. This article wants to address the fallowing two questions in relation to the above points:
1- What is social alienation and its important forms?
2-What are the most important manifestations of social alienation that is embodied in the hero of "Latin Quarter"?
The article maintains that feeling alienated can be attributed to losing identity by the hero of the novel, who is stranded between Western and Eastern values. He struggles to reconcile the two value systems and the past and the present in order to obtain independent Arabic identity with a solid basis. So, the author of the novel has given the hero the ability to achieve a free-standing and sustainable identity.

Abstract After introducing three famous grammarians –Ibn-e-Malek, Ibn-e- Aqil and al-Soyuti– the authors of this article try to compare and contrast the tow well-known explications of Ibn–Malek`s Alfiyya, by Ibn-e-Aqil and al-Soyuti. The authors refer to the similarities and differences between the two explications and give examples from both works. The main purpose of this article is introduce the methods of the two exegeses on the Alfiyya, show their similarities and differences and reveal their author’s views about Ibn-e-Malek and other grammarians.

Abstract This research assumes that the deep sorrow expressed in Mutammem bin Nuwairah's elegy for his brother, Malik, is not a result of the lamentable loss. Rather, it springs from the poet's feeling of suppression caused by the authorities and the encouragement they provided for his brothers murderer. This stand led to the poet's lack of faith in the state. In turn, this deepened his alienation and his wish to revive the tribal system which guaranteed rights of the tribe's members. Thus came Mutammem's abiding by the Pagan ethical principles in his elegies, and his disobedience of the Islamic moral injunctions as it is understood from his elegies. Malik's death is surrounded by big unresolved controversies that necessitate attention since this event functions as the stimulus of the poet's creativity. Such focus will interest us in his work and contribute to the study of elegiac texts. This researcher believes that it is methodologically sounder to introduce the poet first and talk about Malik's death.

Abstract The holy Quran exerted great influence on Hafiz Sonnets. Sometimes this influence has been symbolic and open to different poetic and figurative interpretations. Hafiz has adopted Quranic words and expressed them in beautiful ways with strong effect. It seems there is a high amount of correspondence between Hafiz’s Sonnet 216 and the story of Solomon in the Quran (Surah Naml) in wording, notions, themes and artistic and symbolic expressions. Clearly, Hafiz based his poem on this Quranic story and Zemakhshari’s interpretation of Verse 44 in Naml. Fairy, Saba Queen, dissatisfaction of Jens as to Solomon’s marriage to Saba Queen are among the themes Hafiz incorporated into his poem and presented in an artistic sonnet. For example, he took “nazar” (glance, look) from Solomon’s words and used it in a phrase in his poem to refer to “wise words” and “wiseman”. It is difficult to discover this connection at first glance. However, this technique makes Hafiz’s poetry very interesting and enjoyable to read.

Abstract This article investigates pause, start, their ramifications and their place in syntax. This is done by probing the views expressed by the reciters and syntacticians whi have specified and justified proper locations for pause. Their reasons and justifications mainly have to do with rules of syntax and morphology, suggesting that respecting the location of pause and start requires a good knowledge of syntax and correct recitation. For example, Al Nahhas has quoted Ibn-e-Jahid as saying “only a syntactician who knows correct recitation and is aware of the language and content of the Quran can pause and start at the right place. The article then consider the difference among the early scholars about the kinds and names of pauses. These differences reveal themselves only in the chronological order mentioned for the pauses. The idea behind the divisions is not clear and the books in this area do not agree with each other about the basis for specifying types of pauses. For locations suitable to the present discussion are defined and elaborated on: full pause, sufficient pause, appropriate pause, and rhetorical pause. The article conclude that pause and start depends on syntax and morphology and various, sometimes opposing, rules and standards govern pause and start and their types.