Abstract

The modern Arabic novel appeared later than its Western counterparts, but it quickly developed into a realistic approach, and innovations in new realism and resistance literature, especially after the 1967 war, Israel's war with the Arab states, and the contrast of international narratives in social, cultural, political issues, resistance, and others, including humanitarian issues, and its explanation The reality of life and the influence of characters on the events in the Arab societies and Egyptian transformations in the Islamic world, and the meaning of the Arab peoples from the oppression of the rulers internally, and the attack of the Zionists externally, Al-Mutlaqi says that the narrator writes the events in the reality of life, and this we do not see in the novel "Tariq" Al-Shams" by the Lebanese writer Abdul Majid Zaraqut from the narratives of the resistance, which is a clear example of these changes that the region has witnessed, the oppression, invasion and migration of the Palestinian people and the south of Lebanon in the past century. Al-Israeli for the southern Lebanese, which caused my migration to Beirut, the capital.

We follow this descriptive-analytical method in writing, in order to discover the social reality in evaluating the level of the desired fictional characters in southern Lebanon, and we are aware of the results, how the author was able to evaluate the level of the multiple characters in his novel, and the assignment of the types of characters on different levels, and what I think about the issues social, cultural, political, and religious in explaining the causes of the events that took place and the ways to solve them, and the images of the amount of tragedies that the Lebanese people are facing, due to the attacks of the Israeli army in the past century, and the resistance of the Lebanese south against the invasion, as well as in the description of the characters and their interest in the buildings and places, and their comparisons At different levels, as well as the author's use of common language and popular proverbs and dealing with issues related to the reality of life and society.
 
Introduction
In his novel "The Path of the Sun," a realistic novel of resistance literature, writer Abdul Majeed Hussein Zaraqat embodies the conditions of the Lebanese people, the Palestinian cause, and the political struggle at the level of the National Movement for Change and Reform, and at the other level, the Palestinian factions' front to resist the Zionist enemy's occupation of Arab lands. The writer begins by noting that the construction of this novel, with its overall structure, components, and imagination, stems from a realistic reference, while simultaneously differing from it, in order to balance and reveal it from a novelistic perspective. Therefore, any similarity between the facts of the fictional reality in this novel and its characters, and the facts of real life and its characters, is purely for the sake of novelistic honesty. This means that the concept of this realistic novel emerged from perceptions that look to the realistic reference and reveal it with significance. The author also blends two realistic issues: the issue of resistance and the political and armed struggle against the enemy, and the issue of true love that was born in this struggle between the novel's hero, Kamal Al-Saher, and the heroine, Mona Rashid, who chose the path of the sun, which is the path of life and love, and the path of resistance and truth.
 
Materials and Methods
 
The novel embodies the socio-cultural structure, or in other words, the “sociology of culture” of the desired society in the novel “The Road of the Sun.” Therefore, the narrator described the characters, their culture, lifestyles, and the relationships that connect the members of this society and their social and cultural level. These are the aspects that constitute the socio-cultural structure of society. Therefore, in this novel, we will study the system of social and cultural components in constructing the novel based on the descriptive-analytical approach. We will seek to analyze the identity of the characters, their visions, and the narrator’s vision by employing the characters to fight injustice and resist occupation by various means, as stated in the text of the novel.
 
Research Findings
The author used narrative to tell the novel through the two main characters and a third, friendly character. These are written papers that they convey the events, facts, and developments that occurred in the novel. This is considered one of the artistic techniques that the author adopted to express his views in direct narration through the characters of the novel, which enabled him to convey the most precise details through the characters, events, and places, making the reader live in the atmosphere of the novel with a deep feeling. The author describes the characters in detail, detailing their physical, social, cultural, moral, political, and religious backgrounds. He also articulates their perspectives on social, cultural, and religious issues, as well as other common issues such as etiquette, customs, and traditions respected by people in Lebanese and Palestinian society, particularly in the border areas between the two countries, given their shared religious, national, and historical backgrounds. The novel's diverse characters symbolize the reality of Arab peoples who share similar situations and the shared Palestinian cause. The author embodies the identities of the various characters in the novel, including two main characters, the two protagonists, and the opposing characters. Other characters play a significant role in the novel's development and contribute to its unfolding. Other minor and naive characters do not directly participate in the novel's events and play no active role in its development, but their presence is essential to constructing a cohesive narrative and creating a realistic narrative.
 
Discussion of Results and Conclusion
The level of the various characters in the novel varies in terms of physical and intellectual aspects, whether at the level of outward features or the cultural, moral and religious level. Each has a certain level. Some of them have general physical characteristics, some carry a special intellectual culture and opinions, some have high morals, some ordinary, some low, some hold firm religious beliefs and high social values. There are also other degraded and low levels. The level of the characters varies in the novel according to the role assigned to them. Therefore, it becomes clear that the character has a tangible and apparent material side, and a hidden moral side that requires a diligent effort to uncover it. In addition to all of this, the character has fixed and changeable qualities, and thus all of them lead to the individual’s distinction from others of his kind. The author also gives the main character, that is, the hero of the novel, prominent outward characteristics such as name and surname. The two handsome men, the elegant body and the noble morals, which leads to attracting the reader and making him admire them, and he has prestigious qualities and characteristics that the other characters in the novel do not have, and thus he is distinguished from the rest of the characters, and the main antagonistic character in the novel has negative outward and inward characteristics and traits that suit that character, so that the reader is repelled by this character and stays away from bad morals and descriptions that are not appropriate for the person of a righteous human being.