Abstract

The article focuses on the poet Hamad Al-Dokhi’s use of opposing dualities in his poetry as an effective rhetorical tool, such as sadness and joy, distress and prosperity, distress and abundance, and others, to create dynamic tension in his poems. Through these dualities, the poet succeeds in highlighting deep human contradictions and conflicts.  He uses these opposite pairs to depict the tragedy, suffering and deprivation that man faces.  At the same time, these dualities give his poems a philosophical and spiritual dimension.                                                                 
 The article analyzes in detail how Al-Dukhi employs these contradictory pairs to create influential poetic and expressive power.  She concludes that the dualistic opposites are a prominent feature of the poet’s style and add depth and complexity to his poems. He depicts them accurately in which he expresses his feelings and thoughts, internal conflicts, a feeling of loneliness, and the search for meaning and identity.  This study is based on the descriptive and analytical approach. It dealt with the poet’s poetic evidence as an expression of reality to reveal its contradictory dualities that the poet employed as information about his poetic experience and his social life. The research touched on the poet’s self-concept, conveying his vision through his personal and artistic experiences, and demonstrating the aspects of the poet’s interaction with the universe and life.  To form a kind of special human existence, the research found that employing opposite dualities in his poetry enhances poetic expression by showing the contradictions and disparities between different concepts, which arouses the reader’s attention and contemplation of the folds of the text.  It also creates a sense of harmony and balance and contributes to communicate feelings and ideas. To take the advantage of poetic suggestions and experiences contributed to develop the poet’s style, and his search for deep meanings in poetry contributed to explore his cultural and social identity in innovative and exciting ways.
 Keywords: dualities, reality; self; Hamad Mahmoud Al-Dukhi.
 
Extended summary
Introduction
This research focuses on the binaries in the works of Hamad Mahmoud Al-Doukhi, a contemporary Iraqi poet. These opposites form a central element in the construction of his poetic texts, reflecting the deep contradictions that individuals experience in the face of reality, society, and existence. The study primarily relies on analyzing these binaries as an artistic and aesthetic tool, reflecting the poet's worldview and helping him express his personal experience through interaction with external reality.
The research aims to reveal how these dualities are employed in Al-Doukhi's poetry and their impact on the formation of his poetic texts, deepening their meanings.
This study seeks to reveal the extent to which these dualities shape his poetic texts and deepen their meanings, opening new horizons for the study and understanding of Al-Doukhi’s work from a broader, more nuanced perspective. Further study of Al-Doukhi’s poetry is recommended, especially concerning the role of symbols and myths, or through comparative critical analysis with other poets. Additionally, extensive research on the influence of Iraq's social and political environment on the formation of these binary oppositions in his poetry would be valuable.
 
Materials & Methods
The study uses a descriptive-analytical approach to examine Al-Doukhi's poetic works and extract these opposites. Several research questions are raised to explore the influence of these dualities on the structure of the poetic text and how they function as a rhetorical tool to enhance the depth of poetic expression. Among these questions: How do opposite binaries affect the poet's subjective experience? How does the poet depict reality and self in his poetry? How does the interaction and conflict between the external world and the inner self manifest?
Reality in Al-Doukhi's poetry is a pivotal element that extends beyond the superficial description of daily events, becoming a creative process that reshapes the world from a philosophical and spiritual perspective. His poems transcend physical limitations, expressing his personal vision and experience with the surrounding world. Through the interaction between self and reality, the poet reflects his understanding of the world and raises fundamental questions about life, death, existence, and nothingness.
The "self" in Al-Doukhi's poetry is not merely a reflection of his personality but an active element that interacts with the outside world, expressing a constant search for meaning and purpose. The poet reflects in his texts the interrelationship between self and reality, demonstrating the influence of external reality on shaping the self’s vision.
 
Research findings
The dualities of reality and self in Al-Doukhi's poetry are divided into several categories, such as life and death, security and fear, abundance and scarcity, representing reality, and joy and sadness, hope and despair, love and hate, representing the self. These dualities are woven throughout his texts, serving as the main interlocutors from which the poet's ideas and visions about life emerge.
The study concludes that the binaries in Hamad Mahmoud Al-
Doukhi's poetry are a fundamental rhetorical tool, deepening the impact of his poetic texts and enhancing their resonance with readers. These opposites reflect the contradictions and tensions individuals face in their encounter with the world, giving his poems a philosophical and spiritual dimension. Al-Doukhi also uses these binaries to encourage readers to deeply contemplate the meanings of life and death, joy and sadness, security and fear.
The duality of life and death is one of the most prominent binaries in his poetry. Death in his work is not only an inevitable end but also a continuous source of anxiety and tension that accompanies a person throughout life. Al-Doukhi presents life and death as a state of constant conflict, experienced by the individual in the face of time and fate.
In conclusion, Al-Doukhi employs these binaries as both a rhetorical and philosophical device to express the profound contradictions people experience in life.
 
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
Al-Doukhi expresses the internal and external conflicts humans face, embodying the contradictions of existence in his poetic texts, which give his work a philosophical and spiritual character. The duality of life and death overlap in his poetry, where one cannot live without feeling the shadow of death that haunts each step.
The duality of joy and sadness is manifested in his poetry by illustrating the emotional turmoil experienced by individuals. The poet conveys his internal conflict and reflects the emotional contradictions people experience in their daily lives, embodying the individual's struggle for happiness and stability. In Al-Doukhi’s texts, joy and sadness are intertwined; he cannot express joy without also depicting the sadness that perpetually accompanies it.
The duality of security and fear is another prominent theme in Al-Doukhi's poetry, particularly when portraying the ever-changing external world. He captures the turmoil and uncertainty that individuals experience in the face of reality.
Security represents the desire for stability and peace, while fear symbolizes the constant anxiety that haunts humans due to life’s uncertainties. In his poetry, Al-Doukhi highlights the conflicting relationship between security and fear, revealing how individuals exist between these two extremes, lending his texts a deep dramatic quality.
The duality of abundance and scarcity is another significant opposition in Al-Doukhi's poetic framework. This duality reflects the tension between luxury and deprivation, the sense of expansiveness and the feeling of constraint. The poet uses this contrast to express the anxiety and suffocation experienced by individuals in their interaction with society and the world. In Al-Doukhi's poetry, abundance is linked to freedom, while scarcity reflects the isolation and restriction people feel due to societal pressures and challenges.