Abstract

Content is considered the driving force behind linguistic formation and the influence of style, carrying depth and unique characteristics of the literary work. Meanwhile, form is not merely a superficial representation of the textual structure, but it also bears many connotations, expressions, and its own unique aspects. This study explores the language and style of literary poetry, focusing on the interaction between form and content, leading to the title "Poetic Themes and Their Impact on the Poetic Linguistic Formation of Lutfi Zaghloul." Using a descriptive and analytical approach, this research arrives at several conclusions, the most notable of which is that various themes in Lutfi Zaghloul's poetry reflect the suffering of the Palestinian people and their human experience, with the homeland being one of the central themes in his works. Zaghloul expresses his deep love for his homeland by portraying the pain resulting from occupation and ongoing suffering, which makes his poems articulate loss and heartbreak. Additionally, he addresses themes of love and womanhood, expressing his passion and desires regarding human relationships and the importance of emotional communication, thereby enhancing the deep connection between the poet and the reader and embodying his comprehensive experience. The social and cultural themes are reflected in Zaghloul’s use of poetic language, as he draws from religious and historical heritage to create rich and impactful poetic images. By invoking historical and religious symbols, Zaghloul deepens his poems and expresses the pain and dreams of the Palestinian people, allowing his poetry to embody identity and belonging. This dynamism is evident in his style, which blends classical and contemporary techniques, showcasing a strong interaction between form and content while highlighting the emotional aspects of his texts, thus enhancing the reader's experience and drawing them to the profound meanings in his poems.
 
Keywords: Lutfi Zaghloul, form, content, style, structure.
 
Introduction
Lutfi Abd al-Latif Saeed Zaghloul (1938–2021) was a Palestinian poet and writer whose poems express the suffering of his people and their aspirations for freedom and justice. In his poetry, he embodies a literary vision that reflects both national and human concerns.This study examines the language and style of literary poetry, starting from a close consideration of the interaction between form and content. Content serves as the driving and guiding force for linguistic formation and stylistic effect, carrying the depth and unique characteristics of the literary work. Form, on the other hand, is not merely a superficial reinforcement of the textual structure; rather, it holds many meanings, expressions, and distinctive aspects. Linguistic studies emphasize the importance of the communicative function of language, which manifests in its various forms and transformations. At times, language is praised for its success, its ability to influence, and its precision in conveying meaning, while at other times it is critiqued for shortcomings in these abilities. Such outcomes depend on multiple factors, including the circumstances of the speaker, the state of the listener, and the specific context of the linguistic message.The language of a literary work—whether poetry or prose—is not independent from it, but rather a fundamental part of it. Observing the language of Arabic literature across the ages reveals its transformations and developments, as it has added numerous dimensions to its structure and introduced new forms. It has shifted from one particular world to broader and more diverse realms, where the language of the poem—studied within the context of poetic literature—intertwines with other factors related to the spirit of the age and the character of the environment. These factors merge with the poet’s linguistic tools in the process of poetic creation, collectively shaping the poem into a work of art that arises from the poet’s mind and manifests within the space of creativity and perception.The poetic vision arises from a unique experience lived fully by the poetic self in all its details. Each poet’s vision is distinguished by a special quality expressed through words that reveal their individuality. The poet does not impose a rigid form of control; rather, the literary work (the poem) develops naturally according to the logical sequence and dramatic coherence of the content’s details. When writers deal with the same subject, each will infuse it with a unique tone that aligns with their personal imprint. The idea may be shared, but when embodied in artistic forms, it becomes distinctive to its author, drawing inspiration from them and creating its own artistic system.Content is largely responsible for shaping form, along with personal factors related to each writer individually and their adherence to the poetic conventions of their era (with variations between the past and present). By “content” here, we mean a combination of the subject of the work and the nature of the emotional state surrounding it. Semantic and emotional variations, as well as divergences of meaning, are evident to anyone comparing two works. Yet the pressing question remains: what about the language itself? How has it differed in formulation, structure, and harmony?
Research Methods and Objectives
This research adopts the descriptive and analytical method and has arrived at several key findings. Among the most significant is that Lutfi Zaghloul’s poetry highlights a variety of themes that reflect the suffering of the Palestinian people and their human experience, with the homeland serving as one of the central pillars of his literary output. Zaghloul reveals his profound love for his country by portraying the pain caused by occupation and ongoing hardship, rendering his poems expressions of loss and fragmentation.In addition, his poetry addresses themes of love and woman, through which he expresses his passion and desires within human relationships and underscores the importance of emotional connection. This, in turn, strengthens the deep bond between poet and reader, and embodies his comprehensive human experience.Social and cultural themes are also reflected in Zaghloul’s poetic language. He draws upon religious and historical heritage to create rich and evocative poetic imagery. By invoking historical and religious symbols, Zaghloul deepens the impact of his poems and conveys the pains and aspirations of the Palestinian people, thus making his poetry an embodiment of identity and belonging.This dynamic is most evident in his style, which merges classical and modern techniques, demonstrating a powerful interaction between form and content. It highlights the emotional dimensions of his texts, thereby enriching the reader’s experience and drawing them toward the profound meanings of his poetry.
Research Findings and discusion
The poet successfully employed religious and historical heritage in its various dimensions for multiple purposes, including inspiring enthusiasm, highlighting the fragile reality and vulnerable position of the Arab and Islamic nation, and revealing the spirit of rebellion and resistance, as well as the refusal of the Palestinian people to submit to Zionist colonialism.He was clearly influenced by the works of certain classical poets he had read, yet he was not an imitator; rather, he was innovative in many aspects of his work, incorporating his personal experience into these images to convey his own emotions and ideas. His poetic imagery was rich with diversity and suggestiveness, enabling readers to enjoy and appreciate its beauty. His imagery transcended mere decorative functions to become living, dynamic works of art.The poet succeeded in presenting imagery that was more detailed and creative, bringing reality to life and extending it into the realm of imagination. Among the most notable features of his poetry are personification, embodiment, and concretization, which he employed to shape and color his poetic images, transforming his poetry into a museum of artistic expression that unites diverse rhetorical and poetic arts.He was also able to express his thoughts and emotions through the use of sensory imagery, with particular emphasis on visual and auditory elements. By blending different images together and employing both movement and stillness depending on the situation, he created a vivid poetic experience. This allowed the reader to fully grasp the ideas and emotions in a comprehensive and engaging way, enriched by a fresh element of vitality and excitement.